Court Transcript of BTKs Confession

On February 26, 2005, the  Wichita Police announced that investigators had made an arrest in the BTK serial killer case after taking into custody an employee of nearby Park City, Kansas in a routine traffic stop – bringing to an end an era of terror for the Wichita community which lasted more than 30 years. Dennis Rader,  a city employee, a cub scout leader, and an active member of his church, confessed that he was the BTK serial killer. Here is the transcript of his confession. The Defendant: On January 15th, 1974, I maliciously, intentionally and premeditation killed Joseph Otero. Count Two – The Court: All right. Mr. Rader, I need to find out more information. On that particular day, the 15th day of January, 1974, can you tell me where you went to kill Mr. Joseph Otero? The Defendant: Mmm, I think it’s 1834 Edgemoor. The Court: All right. Can you tell me approximately what time of day you went there? The Defendant: Somewhere between 7:00 and 7:30. The Court: This particular location, did you know these people? The Defendant: No. That’s –(Off-the-record discussion between the defendant and Ms. McKinnon.) No, that was part of my – I guess my what you call fantasy. These people were selected. The Court: All right. So you – (Off-the-record discussion between the defendant and Ms. McKinnon.) The Court: – you were engaged in some kind of fantasy during this period of time? The Defendant: Yes, sir. The Court: All right. Now, where you use the term â€Å"fantasy,† is this something you were doing for your personal pleasure? The Defendant: Sexual fantasy, sir. The Court: I see. So you went to this residence, and what occurred then? The Defendant: Well, I had – did some thinking on what I was going to do to either Mrs.  Otero or Josephine, and basically broke into the house –or didn’t break into the house, but when they came out of the house I came in and confronted the family, and then we went from there. The Court: All right. Had you planned this beforehand? The Defendant: To some degree, yes. After I got in the house it – lost control of it, but it – it was – you know, in back of my mind I had some ideas what I was going to do. The Court: Did you – The Defendant: But I just – I basically panicked that first day, so – The Court: Beforehand did you know who was there in the house? The Defendant: I thought Mrs. Otero and the two kids – the two younger kids were in the house. I didn’t realize Mr. Otero was gonna be there. The Court: All right. How did you get into the house, Mr. Rader? The Defendant: I came through the back door, cut the phone lines, waited at the back door, had reservations about even going or just walking away, but pretty soon the door opened, and I was in. The Court: All right. So the door opened. Was it opened for you, or did someone – The Defendant: I think one of the kids – I think the Ju – Junior – or not Junior – yes, the – the young girl – Joseph opened the door. He probably let the dog out ‘cause the dog was in the house at the time. The Court: All right. When you went into the house what happened then? The Defendant: Well, I confronted the family, pulled the pistol, confronted Mr. Otero and asked him to – you know, that I was there to – basically I was wanted, wanted to get the car. I was hungry, food, I was wanted, and asked him to lie down in the living room. And at that time I realized that wouldn’t be a really good idea, so I finally – The dog was the real problem, so I – I asked Mr. Otero if he could get the dog out. So he had one of the kids put it out, and then I took them back to the bedroom. The Court: You took who back to the bedroom? The Defendant: The family, the bedroom – the four members. The Court: All right. What happened then? The Defendant: At that time I tied ‘em up. The Court: While still holding them at gunpoint? The Defendant: Well, in between tying, I guess, you know. The Court: All right. After you tied them up what occurred?

Biography Of Theodore Robert Cowells Life - 1163 Words

Theodore Robert Cowell was born November 24, 1946, in Burlington, Vermont, at the Elizabeth Lung Home for Unwed Mothers. Born to Eleanor Louise Cowell, twenty-two years old and unmarried and an unidentified father. Eleanor’s family suspected that her abusive father was Bundy’s biological father. Being an unwed, single mother in 1946 was looked down upon, and as a result Bundy was raised by his religious grandparents. His grandparents and mother both aware of the truth, tell young Ted that the women he has been with is his sister. Throughout his childhood, Bundy thought his grandfather was a respected man, with dignity and honor. Later finding out his grandfather had history of being physically and emotionally abusive towards his family and pets. The unspoken family secret that was finally told out of rage by the grandfather, that the women Ted had known at the being of his life as his sister was indeed his mother was unveiled. Eleanor moved Ted to Tacoma, Washington where she married Johnnie Bundy, and the couple had five other children and raised their children in normal, loving and caring working-class society. Now known as Theodore Ted Bundy, at just the mere age of three, Bundy already developed a fascination to knives and machetes. Many close relatives to Ted can say that as he gotten older he became shy and socially awkward, which developed his love for knives. His love for knives helped him cope with his family held secrets. Awakening of a Killer Bundy was alwaysShow MoreRelatedTed Bundy Research Paper5108 Words   |  21 Pagescountry (Nordheimer). People say he was the perfect killer- handsome, intelligent, witty, and charming (Boynton 25). Bundy was the complete opposite of what people thought a serial killer looked like, so his victims did not fear him (â€Å"Ted Bundy†). Robert Keppel, an expert on serial killers, stated, â€Å"He taught us that a serial killer can appear to be absolutely normal, the guy next door (â€Å"Serial Killers and Mass Murderers†). At one point he was working for a suicide hotline; a friend once said, â€Å"Ted

Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing. Answer: Introduction: The best interface for a system is no User Interface- Using User Interface, we think only about screens that is simply depended on model which is constitutionally unnatural, contains diminishing nature and are inhumane. To make these user interface usable, greater knowledge of talent is required along with more time and money. Only a small improvement comes out after all these efforts. The best way is the no user interface path (Rayes Salam, 2017). A no user interface produces a design in which there are no digital interfaces. It provides a simple and easy technology without the use if interfaces. To enhance natural processes, interfaces should be eliminated. Instead of catering the computers, less influence should be given to them. A system should be created that consists of the involvement of humans rather than machines. Easy User Interface- Examples of Difficult user Interface are: User Interface used in Windows 8 mobile- Windows 8 has introduced a mobile version similar as the desktop version of the windows in 2012 (Staff, 2017). The phone with windows OS looks similar as the desktop version that contains tiles of multiple applications Nest Thermostat- Nest Thermostat is used as house hold material for making the room hot when needed and cold when there is need of cold. It is a user interface that has only a single switch for changing the temperature of the house. Convertbot Circular Menu- Convertbot is one of the user interfaces that are difficult to use as compared to other user interface. This convertbot is used in iPhones (Shack, 2017). It is used to convert the basic units in a circular motion. The features that are included in the convertbot are smooth textures and colors, smooth functioning and the slick animation that makes the iPhone to use with ease. Parallax effect- Scrolling effect of parallax is like 3D illusion where the background is divided into many layers which make a movement with different speed when they are scrolled. This a high technique of user interface where the website divided itself in many parts which are accessed by moving the side back and forth button that comes on the screen. The difficult user interface makes it difficult for the user to use the system whereas easy user interface makes the system very easy so that the user can use them without any difficulties. Features Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Fibre Optic Bandwidth 16 MHz- 2000MHZ 10 MHz 500MHz-1000MHz Distance 100 meter approx 500 meter approx 550 meter approx Interference rating Low noise cancellation Higher compared to twisted pair Highest interference rate Cost Cheapest medium Moderately expensive Highly expensive Security Low security Moderate security Highly secured cable Types Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Twisted Pair Modern line and telephone wires Terminal systems those are old. Example- IBM 3270 10GBASE-T Ethernet over single cable Coaxial Cable Television antenna and receiver Radio mast and receiver Equipment control of digital satellite Fibre Optic Fibre Fuse Free space coupling Cable construction The cables are used as in many parts of daily life which includes networking in its use. The twisted pairs are used in telephone wires in a twisted way so that to cancel the noise that comes in communication. Types Advantages Disadvantages Key Requirements Examples Sensor Does not need wiring. New devices can be accommodated. Less secure. Surroundings can trouble easily Sensor based devices. 1. Home Security Model 2. MABO RFID RFID tags stores more information. RFID is versatile. It is costly. Coverage range is small. RFID tag and detecting devices. 1. Real Hospital laundry Management application 2. RFID tags in Products of Shopping Malls Video Tracking Reduce operating expenses. Helps to locate assets. Requires cell data coverage. Requires a monthly fee. Camera and viewing machine. 1. Used in Retailers 2. Used in Banking Sectors Security from IoT devices- The security that are provided from the Internet of Things devices are- Privacy from IoT devices- The privacy that are achieved from IoT devices are mainly of two types- Data Oriented Privacy and Context-Oriented Privacy. Data Oriented Privacy- Data oriented privacy are the privacy that controls the data of a system. This is divided into two categories (Bertino, 2016). External type- in this type of attack, the person who is not authorized with the network gets to know about the data communication that is held between the nodes of the sensors. Internal type- the node of this network is firstly captured and then reprogrammed by the attackers to get those private data. This is much dangerous than the external type. Context-Oriented Privacy- The contextual information of a system is protected by this context oriented protection of privacy. Contextual information are those which provides timing and location that are transmitted over the signals. Round trip propagation delay between sensor and application: 12ms Time for processing each request: 3ms To send or receive any message: 2ms Total time taken by the application is: 1ms + 12ms + 3ms + 2ms = 18ms The budget of time that is saved is 18ms. The application that is designed will be more efficient that the model that is present. Neilsen law states that the bandwidth that is available with the connections of high end broadband will increase by half of its available bandwidth each year, which leads to compound growth of 57x in capacity in ten years (Eckhardt et al., 2015). The models strength is shown in the fact that is true for more than 15 years. Moore Law is a reliable law and computes the working speed of microprocessors, lessen the cost of the storage and the number of megapixel that a phones camera can load. The inexpensive transistors that can be placed in a microchip become doubles in 18 months. Comparison: Neilsen stated that that connection of high end broadband will increase by 50% every year whereas Moore stated that it doubles itself in every 18 months. The law stated by Jakob Neilsen is is 10% less than Moores Law. References Bertino, E. (2016, December). Data privacy for IoT systems: concepts, approaches, and research directions. InBig Data (Big Data), 2016 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 3645-3647). IEEE. Eckhardt, S., Quennehen, B., Olivi, D. J. L., Berntsen, T. K., Cherian, R., Christensen, J. H., ... Herber, A. (2015). Current model capabilities for simulating black carbon and sulfate concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere: a multi-model evaluation using a comprehensive measurement data set.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(16), 9413-9433. Hecht, J. (2015).Understanding fiber optics. Jeff Hecht. Miguelez, P., Esser, S. M., Slowik, F. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 8,958,694. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Rayes, A., Salam, S. (2017). Internet of Things (IoT) Overview. InInternet of Things From Hype to Reality(pp. 1-34). Springer International Publishing. Shack. (2017).Designshack.net. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://designshack.net/articles/graphics/15-in-depth-examples-of-addictive-user-experience/ Staff, C. (2017).5 innovative examples of user interface design.Creative Bloq. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.creativebloq.com/web-design/user-interface-design-2131842 Velandia, D. M. S., Kaur, N., Whittow, W. G., Conway, P. P., West, A. A. (2016). Towards industrial internet of things: Crankshaft monitoring, traceability and tracking using RFID.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,41, 66-77.

Cross Cultural Leadership - Free Sample Solution

Question: A critical evaluation of leadership theories and cross cultural factors which exist (or not) in power relations within organizations. Answer: Abstract The nature of strategy impacts vertical fit. This relationship is because different strategies have unique implications of diverse HR practices, and will influence the achievement of vertical fit. HR practices are designed and arranged to reinforce functional implications of the various generic strategies. We can take an instance of an organization which is using the strategy of cost leadership in order to make a uniform as well as an objective standard for the criteria for assessment of the performance. The clear goal of cost leadership strategy (minimizing production costs) adds to the explanation, compared with the complexity and uncertainty of the objectives of differentiation strategies. There is empirical evidence to support these perspectives. By getting deep into the projected assignment, youll get more about what is cross-cultural leadership? And the ideas that drive it, its confusion which may lead to leadership failure, more about leadership and culture, the project management and project based establishment. Leadership is a quality of one which drives the whole society. The leadership is necessary for a proper flow of action in every field. The leadership in organization comprises the entire task, including task orientation, obedience to the higher orders and rules and top to down approach of management control to fulfil the need of teamwork in an organization. It helps to build stronger relationship among the staff of the organization. The relationship- oriented workplace is a fruit of good leadership that empowers the employee and focuses on their development. Introduction The topic of Leadership has been and continues as a considerable interest in the management courses or in management literature. There is no any all-inclusive meaning of leadership, however there is a concession to the way that a leader influences the others by their personality and behaviour. A good leader is like not shouting or forcing other, but it involves the influencing process between leader and followers. In the earlier studies of leadership, the focus was mainly on the hopes of identifying the personality, character that will become an ideal leader. An ideal leadership should ensure the achievement of organisational goals. Contingency theories of leadership depend on the situation, the followers and the leaders. The most recent study of leadership theory is the cross cultural leadership (Grisham Walker, 2008). The cross-cultural leadership has created in such an approach to comprehend leaders who work in the recently settled worldwide business. Culturally diverse Leadership is a general marvel that the wherever there are gatherings of individuals, there are leaders moreover. These leaders drive the whole group and conclude the individual decision in a common decision for the global market. But the question is not about that fact that whether an ideal leadership exists across cultures, or does various leadership styles translates across cultures? The various leadership styles include paternalistic leadership, transformational leadership, and transactional leadership. What is cross-cultural leadership? The word cross and culture is now included in leadership which refers to the leader's (also known as influencer) society being not quite the same as the devotee's (focus of influencer) society. By consolidating the diverse topical meanings of the statement "initiative" and "society" with the new qualifier "cross," we all characterize multifaceted authority as "the capacity of an individual (the pioneer) of distinctive society which is deliberately and unequally impact or persuade the parts or devotees of a socially diverse gathering at the objective of accomplishment which brings about an esteemed result by applying the imparted learning and significance frameworks of the gathering that fits in with diverse society bunch." In the investigation of this definition, it gets to be clear that the words socially distinctive differentiate the multifaceted authority from the straightforward administration. The culturally diverse pioneer boat is important for pioneers to consider the ramifica tions of contrasts in significance frameworks and information of the devotees and join these distinctions in learning into an affected methodology (Grisham Walker, 2008). It gives a solid establishment to noting a few sets of the inquiries. One of them ''Is an exile pioneer dependably a diverse pioneer?'' now the right answer is yes just if there are critical contrasts in the significance frameworks and information of the pioneer and the supporters of the association. An alternate inquiry is ''Does an individual must be overseeing crosswise over different nations to be a multifaceted pioneer?'' The definition has officially addressed this question that working crosswise over numerous nations is not needed in a diverse initiative. Truth be told, a few nations may have diverse societies widely with in-nation. The Studies of multifaceted authority is taken after two fundamental methodologies. One of them is known as the Emic approach that looks to research on one society at once furthermore to focus those administration practices that have all the earmarks of being connected to the viable accomplishment of gathering objectives. The second approach of Cro ss Cultural initiative is known as the Etic methodology which tries to explore various societies all the while and to focus those authority practices which seem, by all accounts, to be connected to the successful accomplishment of gathering of influencer's objectives crosswise over a large portion of them. A study may endeavour to figure out whether a pioneer commend on supporters is decidedly connected to social order's which results in many societies or if the influencers or workers is contrarily connected with pioneer adequacy in many societies. Finishes of these sorts of studies would be to realize that how pioneers ought to act to be successful in most distinctive societies. Etic studies portray the society contrasts (House Aditya, 1997). The touchstone for most endeavours to lead the investigations of diverse authority research has been the spearheading work of hierarchical researcher focused around the accompanying four a) High Power Distancelow Power Distance: The extent to which parts of a general public including the pioneers and influencers are relied upon force to be imparted similarly among the general public. b)High Uncertainty Avoidancelow Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which parts of a general public feel uncomfortable in circumstances, for example, unstructured, equivocal, and indeterminate and make convictions and establishments that are expected to minimize the event of such circumstances. c) Individualismcollectivism: The extent to which people work autonomously of each other or are coordinated into gatherings. The concentrate is on the individual quality and aggregate quality of Leaders and also the influencers of these pioneers. Ideal Cross cultural leaderships involve There are different issues associated with the failure of many prominent organizations nowadays. If the analysis is done in the business standpoint, then the fact that comes to the front is about various factors that are attached with the cultural influence as well as culture more than that of economy. This thinking has changed the concept of competitive advantages among different organizations and the success of a company depends on the development as well as the human capital. Thus, leaders are required for the proper management of different functions that are essential to run an organization. In this modern era, leaders are selected not only for the management works but also many top class companies look for leaders who can work with the employees in an effective manner to accomplish the company objective which is common both for the employees as well as for the managers. Failure in leadership has huge impact on the global market along with the cross-cultural market across the glo be. Therefore, leaders should be appointed effectively by taking certain imperative points into consideration and those are associated with the cultural differences. It is because, this factor either positively or negatively affects the development of a company and it sets the organizational effectiveness in case of an organization. Cultural differences determine this effectiveness, because it is the leaders who are connected with the customers or clients of a country with the help of cultural aspects and that are why it controls all the activities of the organization. KeepWell plc is a UK based company who is famous for its top ranking in the market of production as well as distribution of marketing materials especially for the services that are finance related. By thinking about its expansion, the company has looked forward to the high demand of the multi-media advertising services that the organization is offering to the client companies. With the help of this, the crowd of potential clients was extended and the popularity has gone to a greater extent in the past five years. The BODs of KeepWell want to expand the company to the international market especially towards the Market of North America and that of South America as in South America the people know less about multi-media advertising which will be like a new concept with ultramodern technology and from this the lucrative viewpoint can be perceived. Regarding the evaluation of different types of factors that should be taken into consideration before taking the decision of appointing a local manager or an existing manager of KeepWell by relocating for taking over the leadership of the new site, there are some points that provide broad-spectrum view to this particular organizational function. The concept of Authentic Leadership The following points are taken from the concept of authentic leadership. Core competencies. Source: (Consulting, 2015) Influential quality of approach towards the mission of company expansion The mission of the company shouldnt be compromised whether it is about the local manager or the current manager of KeepWell. Therefore, transformational leaders are selected by the visionaries by means of different significant criteria which never hamper the mission and objective of an organization. Strong judgment quality towards the appointment of manager leads sustainable development of this organization which can be managed with the help of this particular factor (Grisham Walker, 2008). It helps to build more confidence among the employees as they get the right kind of manager who has trust as well as reliance on the members of the staff of KeepWell plc. Responsibilities over human resource management This factor helps to take the appropriate decision about local manager or that of relocating the present manager to the leadership level of the new place. For example- When the current manager goes to the new site, it will be a completely new place with new cultural environment and it creates cultural differences which have influential aspects towards the development and success of the company. Therefore, it will take some time to adjust with the socio-cultural surroundings of the new site where the company is willing to expand its branch. However, if a local manager is appointed in this circumstance, it would be great because he is an inhabitant of that place and very much comfortable with the culture of that place. Thus, the local manager will understand his responsibility very quickly and work for the goals of the organization by which faster development can be possible in case of KeepWell (House Aditya, 1997). There are some other approaches that should be taken into consideration before reaching at a point of conclusion related to the manager post of the new branch. These factors are linked with the management as well as staffing. Factor-1 Ethnocentric The practices of the home country get succeeded with this particular style of approach and the key judgments of decisions along with the importance of different jobs as well as the functions of the subsidiaries depends on this factor principally. This factor is always taken into consideration as the futuristic developmental approach of the organization towards key management of selecting whether the manager should be a local or the existing one rely on it (House Aditya, 1997). Factor-2 Polycentric The management of subsidiary part of KeepWell plc is organized on a local basis. It is because the managers who sit at the main headquarter may not have ample amount of knowledge regarding the localities. A local manager can work from the root level for the prospective progress of the company. Factor-3 Geocentric Appointing or relocating a manager in a global basis comes under the strategy of sustainable development which includes HRM practices. E.g. Electrolux is an international organization that has developed a group of managers in a globalized manner so that they can work for the development of the company based on the concept of cross cultural leadership. KeepWell should go for this kind of strategy which will act like a mobile base of leaders. There are also numerous factors that play vital role in the key decision of recruiting a manager in terms of individual type, experience, proficiency and capability as well as skill and knowledge for the new sites of KeepWell plc. The factors comprise Recruitment and selection in a proper criteria This factor is classified into several subcategories like- The nationality of the manager should be same as that of the organization. E.g. - The manager of a Slovenian Organization should be a Slovenian inhabitant. The subsidiary group must contain employees who have nationality of that particular location. E.g. - A Slovenian organization which is at Macedonia has a Macedonian manager. There are also cases like an Albanian Manager who is working for a company which is actually a Slovenian one but established in Macedonia. KeepWell plc cant function properly by ignoring any of the fact as recruitment as well as selection procedures of managers involve both in the level of headquarters as well as the subsidiary. The development phase along with high-quality training High skilled trained manager should be the first priority of Human Resource Development programs at an international level in KeepWell. It includes The proper training as well as development of the managers of the new sites in South America and other parts of the world. The main purpose is to create a group of managers who are competent to an international level of competitive market. For the expatriates, special training programs should be conducted at abroad. Performance evaluation The HRM strategies of the cross cultural leadership should include the performance evaluation at KeepWell plc. Equity here is one of the obligatory approaches for the right kind of performance evaluation at headquarters as well as at the subsidiary level. In case of many of the managers it has been observed that some of them learn or try to learn the local languages very quickly whereas some of them use the original language in all places which shows the inadaptable nature towards cultural differences. Here polycentric approach defines the local styles and the geocentric approach illustrates the international style of cross cultural activities towards leadership abilities. Remuneration along with rewards This factor will attract more employees towards the new sites of KeepWell plc as it is important to know about the employee satisfaction points. Remuneration is the basic approach here and other benefits such as- healthcare benefits, holiday spending at different places with the facilities provided by the organization and other encouragement aspects. The decision regarding the payrolls of employees has positive impact on the competitive market sector which has advantageous effect on the international market of KeepWell plc. Rewards to the employees have proved to be the best encouragement strategies which maintain the interest of work for the progress of the organization (House Aditya, 1997). Labour relations The relationship of the workers with the management is defined by this factor of labour relations. It varies according to the different locations across the globe, e.g. In Japan there is a cooperative labour relationship that can be observed between the workers and the management while in the US sometimes there are antagonistic situations which can be observed among the workers and the management. There are also several cultural issues which should be evaluated for the identification of different types of leadership. These points should be taken into consideration by the new managers. Prevention of uncertainty This issue should be given emphasis by which the organization depends on some established standards, practices, norms etc to avoid any kind of ambiguity. Therefore, KeepWell should establish some rules and regulation for the sustainability of these norms. Power Distance The power among different employees should be different according to their competence and this factor must match the cultural aspects. It creates levels among different employees in terms of status, wealth, power, prestige etc. Collectivism Combined activities in KeepWell plc are encouraged by the leaders so that identification of the social as well as institutional interests about different cultures will be possible. The attachment and loyalty of the employees is also included with this factor. Gender This factor supports the gender equity for the ultimate purpose of lessening the gender difference in KeepWell plc. Assertiveness The determined cultural actions which define the social relationship of the people come under this aspect. Different Orientations Prospective orientation, Performance and Humanitarian orientations come under this particular aspect. It is about the different types of cross cultural behaviours that define the various planning as well as investment related to the development of KeepWell plc. Rewards as well as caring nature is associated with the performance and humane orientation respectively which states the social support along with values linked with the communities. Conclusion After the 2nd World War, these theories of leadership and cross cultural development have taken place due to the growing internationalization all over the world. This globalization created many new leaders who had greater perceptive knowledge towards the cultural differences as well as the improved ability in the sector of cross cultural communication and its execution. Therefore, all the above-mentioned factors will be helpful in case of the improvement of leadership qualities and cross cultural activities of the firm KeepWell plc. It is because an ineffective leader can take an organization to a deprived condition with a behaviour which is not social and self-focused in nature. Recommendation to the Managing Directors There are some of the questionnaires that have significant effects on the cross cultural factors and leadership theories which should be implemented by the managing directors. That are- self-awareness- It provides the correct measurement regarding the strengths as well as limitations of KeepWell plc. This concept helps to understand the role of leaders and what are the impacts of leaders in the organizational development. Transparency is one of the recommended aspects provided by the experts to present a certain level of openness to the workers. It offers a broad platform which encourages the employees to come up with their ideas and views openly in KeepWell. Ethics presents the moral standards in case of the leaders which maintain the organizational behaviour to an impressive level. The cross cultural activities of KeepWell should support all types of issues that indicate cultural differences and their importance in an organization. Headquarter along with the branches of the new sit es after the expansion of the company should be considered under full equity regarding all the mentioned approaches because of their significance towards cross cultural aspects and different leadership styles (House Aditya, 1997). This particular theory originates from the humanistic point of view. Organizational culture in case of a company like KeepWell plc, has high value and deep description about this culture lies which is found in corporate experience. There are some crucial focus points of KeepWell plc which are based on Organizational culture: It modifies the international market. Strong competitors arise KeepWell plc always re-evaluate the management performance on the basis of traditional practices. Realization regarding domineering environment get raised in the organizations, basically situations for employees, women as well as minor groups (Fels, 2009). This approach comprises of some significant points about the organizational culture theory like: This theory always puts the behavioral efforts in the environment of KeepWell plc. It also explains about the differences in factors of several organizations. It provides explanations about the alliance or grouping of members in an organization. There are some misunderstandings about this theory that can put negative effects on the management system of an organization. As the reputation of KeepWell plc is at zenith, so it always puts its focus on these things given below: Difference in cultures is one of the common reasons which crate major as well as minor misconceptions. The roots are originated from the mistaken assumptions on social point of view within the organization. A subculture is a term which is created by groups of people within the culture by certain differentiation like larger culture and smaller culture. This can create serious misunderstandings. Culture may ruin many associations and halt the upcoming development process. According to various researches it has been come to see that, there is a significant cost to the poor communication that is universal in many of the work groups, teams, and organizations. And it can be rectified by taking proper steps for it. Some of the steps are mentioned below in which, if an organization works can get success in the corporate world. By using multiple channels for organizational communication By making important messages repetitive Focusing on listening Handle communication problems Due to the changes made in the work place in society and among human specialists, human resource managers and their associations have begun to see themselves as a part of the unique profession. One of the characteristics of the profession is the development through the research and experimentation of an organized body language. This knowledge can generally share at conferences, seminars and workshops that are being sponsored by the professional associations. By successfully implementing these factors and strictly pursues of it, and then it will never organize down in the competitive world. The recommendations here are all effective ones for the improvement of organization and the cultural issues with leadership. The enhancements will be short lived, however, if old habits are permitted to return and are deeply ingrained in the organizational culture. References Bibliography Grisham, T., Walker, D. H. (2008). Cross-cultural leadership.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,1(3), 439-445. House, R. J., Wright, N. S., Aditya, R. N. (1997). Cross-cultural research on organizational leadership: A critical analysis and a proposed theory. Frost, J., Walker, M. (2007). Cross cultural leadership.Engineering Management,17(3), 27-29. Dorfman, P. W. (1996). International and cross-cultural leadership research. Handbook for international management research, 267-349. Hudea, O. S. (2014). Cross-cultural Leadership.Manager Journal,19(1), 45-52. Gerstner, C. R., Day, D. V. (1994). Cross-cultural comparison of leadership prototypes.The Leadership Quarterly,5(2), 121-134. Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., De Luque, M. S., House, R. J. (2006). In the eye of the beholder: Cross cultural lessons in leadership from Project GLOBE. The Academy of Management Perspectives,20(1), 67-90. Graen, G. B. (2006). In the eye of the beholder: cross-cultural lesson in leadership from project GLOBE: a response viewed from the third culture bonding (TCB) model of cross-cultural leadership.The Academy of Management Perspectives,20(4), 95-101. Dickson, M. W., Den Hartog, D. N., Mitchelson, J. K. (2003). Research on leadership in a cross-cultural context: Making progress, and raising new questions.The leadership quarterly,14(6), 729-768. Gupta, V., MacMillan, I. C., Surie, G. (2004). Entrepreneurial leadership: developing and measuring a cross-cultural construct.Journal of Business Venturing,19(2), 241-260. Resick, C. J., Hanges, P. J., Dickson, M. W., Mitchelson, J. K. (2006). A cross-cultural examination of the endorsement of ethical leadership.Journal of Business Ethics,63(4), 345-359. Peterson, M. F. (1998). Two scholars' views of some nooks and crannies in cross-cultural leadership.The Leadership Quarterly,8(4), 343-354. Robertson, J. M., Webber, C. F. (2000). Cross-cultural leadership development.International Journal of Leadership in Education,3(4), 315-330. Chen, Y. F., Tjosvold, D. (2005). Cross-cultural leadership: Goal interdependence and leadermember relations in foreign ventures in China. Journal of International Management,11(3), 417-439. Dimmock, C., Walker, A. (2000). Developing comparative and international educational leadership and management: A cross-cultural model.School Leadership Management,20(2), 143-160. Leadership Model. (2015). Leadership and Talent Development. (2015). Maximize Business Performance. (2015). Appendices Appendix I Nasa Leadership Model. Source: (Model, 2015) Appendix II

Balanced Scorecard (non financial performance measure)

How near are university researchers in resolving the cancer puzzle

How near are university researchers in resolving the cancer puzzle Hashtag: #DiaMundialcontraelCancer (World Day Against Cancer) Complete Cure for Cancer Multiple Diseases in One Along with 14 million cancer patients and in memory of 8.2 million people who died from the disease, humanity observed the 2015 #DiaMundialcontraelCancer or World Day Against Cancer asking the same unanswered question. Is there a complete cure for cancer? While the number of new cases according to WHO will rise to about 70% in the next few years, a complete cure for cancer remains an elusive dream. The reason is that cancer, unlike other diseases, is actually a large group of diseases that rapidly spread from the affected part to other organs of the human body. Knowledge about the causes and prevention of cancer is wide but still, after so many years of exhaustive study, researchers are still all at sea and cannot offer a complete cure for cancer. Early detection and treatment according to WHO increased the possibility of the cure, but with 8 million cancer-related deaths and estimated 70% rise in the number of new cancer cases over the next 2 years, these methods seems inadequate. The most probable reason is the fact that not all people, due to behavioral, economic, and other factors, is health conscious or be able to avail of cancer diagnostic services. Alternatively, cancer prevention or avoidance of physical (ultraviolet and ionizing radiation), chemical (asbestos, smoke from tobacco, etc), and biological (viruses, bacteria, etc.) carcinogens has more potential, but modification and avoidance of risk factors is another problem because it depends on age, individual lifestyle or status in life. A cure for cancer, therefore, is the most appropriate solution in reducing fatalities of this dreadful and life-damaging disease. Cancer Research Developments The institution of higher education such as universities and colleges around the world has cancer research facilities that consistently attempt to develop anti-cancer drugs. In particular, the University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center or UCCCC and University of Edinburgh UK Cancer Research Centre are very active in developing a treatment for cancer. UCCCC in 2014 finally tested OTS964, an anti-cancer drug developed in almost a decade, in rats. Anti-cancer drugs developed by UCCC before can only suppress the growth of cancer cells but OTS964 effectively killed or eradicated T-lymphokine-activated killer cell, cancer cells believed responsible for tumor growth. UCCC is now preparing for phase 1 clinical trial for OTS964 and working to crack the code behind abnormal DNA sequence responsible for the reproduction of cancer cells and develop a drug for altered DNA. Researchers in University of Edinburgh UK Cancer Research Center are now ready to begin clinical trials of panRAF inhibitors, a new class of drugs targeting Src family kinases in melanoma ( the deadliest form of skin cancer) patients with BRAF inhibitors-resistant tumors. The drug is capable of halting the growth of faulty protein responsible for boosting the growth of melanomas. By targeting multiple signaling biological pathways simultaneously, panRAF inhibitors can eliminate drug-resistant cancer cells and restore the effectiveness of other cancer treatments. The development of these promising anti-cancer drugs and implementation of pioneering techniques in cancer treatment research suggest that academic researchers are years away from discovering the ultimate cure for cancer. However, since researchers already discovered the weak points of killer cancer cells and technology is rapidly advancing, it will be sooner than expected.

Impact of Legislation on Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Impact of Legislation on Organizations - Essay Example The procedures highlighted an analysed below necessitate the need for universal intelligence about risk and security management of data and information. Enactment of the EO pushes for the mandated action towards ensuring the systems put in place for public use implement a proper network security and resilience. The national data breach reporting for Department of Health and Human Services showcases the life cycle of a breach (Department of Homeland Security, 2013). This majorly entails information and content which highlights on the specific steps or criteria utilized in handling and resolving health information data breaches. The information system also has to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the U.S. government’s operation framework put in place to secure the critical infrastructure plus make it more resilient. The White House’s cyber security draft proposal released in May 2011 included a data breach provision which highlights on the procedures and notification requirements that should be practiced by organizations in case of a data breach. The points to be analysed with regards to the EO legislative proposal are listed below: The Department of Health and Human Services in the United States are tasked with the responsibility of designing and putting in place a technological system which facilitates safe and secure data storage of client information. A neutral voluntary cyber security framework ensures that clients receive emails and notifications securely. The information security program executed but the Health and Human Services department is aimed at reducing the costs of handling data breaches (Department of Homeland Security, 2013). Data breach management and prevention can be achieved via implementing an automatic and responsive system that discovers and handles data breaches in a timely manner. Developing and employing this form of

D2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

D2 - Assignment Example These parents are mostly aggressive while treating their children and instead of being obedient, they prefer using punishment to discipline their child. These parents become very aggressive if their children take a stand against them and punish their children for questioning their authority. Another form of parenting style researched by Baumrind is authoritative parenting style, parents following this style expect their children to be mature and act maturely at all times, these parents are high in emotional intelligence and can guide their children so they can easily control their emotions. These parents contribute a lot to their children’s upbringing and help them develop problem solving skills, these parents allow their children to gain independency but they even prefer certain amount of restrictions and limitations. These parents appreciate two way communications and are ready to answer all the questions of their children and hold a very warm and affectionate attitude towards their

CLevel Concerns in IA Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CLevel Concerns in IA Management - Essay Example Thus for protection, organizations employ strict security measures to create a barrier to stop these codes entering the system and if they enter, provide a method to detect and destroy the code before it destroys the company. The first step of information protection is developing a security policy for the specific organization. Security policy often covers how the policy will be used inside the company, describes how the company would educate its employees about protecting the organizational assets such as its computer systems and information, terms and explanation of security enforcement, and also an evaluative feature in the policy so that it can be updated when required (Whatis, 2007). In our health care facility, there is not such an extensive security policy, rather a general one. This security policy tells about how the employees are supposed to use the system, which users are restricted from accessing other higher levels of information, information regarding legal actions in case of breaching the code of confidentiality and policy updating mechanisms. Our security policy came into existence after several cases of breach of patient information which was used by marketers to advertise their products using patient telephone numbers and email addresses. Since such information is easily available elsewhere, we first rejected patient's claims that such information leaking is coming from our side. However when such complains became common, an inquiry was conducted and it was found that one of the receptionist's computer systems was being hacked. At this point in time, our system administrator met with all information technology members in the organization and decided to implement a full-fledged policy to prevent such an incident from occurring again. Developing and Implementing the Policy The first step in developing the strategy was to take permission from the manager and gets the funds allotted. This is easily done specially after the incident as the managers wanted to regain the lost image of the organization due to breach in patient information which is a requirement in the medical profession. A security memorandum was issued in response to the incident detailing of how security will be managed in the organization from then onwards. Industry Standards Keeping the enormous need of patient information confidential, this policy was created and the ISO 17799 standard was integrated. Doctors, nurses and other staff were given personal computers (where required) with personal passwords. Three levels of information was secured using these passwords, with senior doctors getting to the highest access level and the junior nurses/interns getting the least access level. In the policy, the guidelines for employee level updates are given and the permission of their access levels is clearly identified. (Shinder & Tittel, 2002) Password Protection The password protection was applied throughout the intranet (internal network) of the organization. The network administrator is responsible for setting up the user accounts, giving them access codes and setting up their personal systems. Also these passwords are supposed to be changed regularly. Installation Guidelines For the matter of security, no user is allowed to install any software of their system without informing the network adminis

Importance of Physics in our Daily Life Essay

Importance of Physics in our Daily Life Essay Role of physics in our daily life INTRODUCTION We are living in the century of science and technology and introduction of science in our daily has transformed our lives. When people had no idea about science, even then their lives were governed by principles of different branches of science. When we light a fire, it is a chemical process; when we eat and digest food, it is biological process; when we walk on Erath, it is governed by laws of physics; when an Earthquake occurs, it’s a seismic activity; when we talk about different terrains and gems of Earth surface, it is related to Geology. There is no single activity of our lives, which define our one or other field of science. Similarly, physics governs our everyday lives and is involved in a number of activities we perform and things we use in our daily life. Here we will discuss how physics is playing its part in running our everyday tasks and assists us to do our errands, chores and duties smoothly and effectively. BODY Physics is considered natural science because it deals with the things like matter, force, energy and motion. As these all are related to task related to everyday life, so, we can say that physics studies how the universe works, how Earth Moves around the sun, how lightening strikes, how our refrigerator works and many more. In short, physics define how everything works around us. When cannot separate anything from science and, our world cannot disconnect itself from the wonders of Physics. When we look around us, we can see a number of things that work on the principles of Physics. We can explain our several activities by making use of the knowledge of Physics. Here, we will discuss some of the example, which will help us to learn how physics is playing its part in our lives each day. Walking A number of principles of physics are involved in simple act of walking. It involves concepts of weight, Newton’s three laws of inertia, friction, gravitational law and potential and kinetic energy. When we walk, we actually act like an inverted pendulum. When we put the foot on ground, it becomes our axis and our mass is centered in our abdomen, describing the shape of an arc. When we set foot on ground, we actually put weight i.e w=mg and apply backward force on ground, as the response to our weight, ground responds by an opposing force which is vertical in nature, on leg which slows us down and this slowing process continues unless our leg comes nearest to our tummy. When leg is moving, kinetic energy is at maximum and potential energy is zero, but, when leg reaches nearest to belly or arc, potential energy reaches to its maximum. When another step is taken, the stored potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and this process continues. We act as an imperfect pendulu m, because all potential energy is not converted into kinetic energy. Only 65 percent of energy is provided by stored potential energy to take next step, remaining 35 percent is provided by bio chemical processes. (Kunzig, 2001) When we walk we actually do some work in physical terms, as W=F*S, when we exert some force and as a result of it we cover some distance we actually do work. During walking, Newton’s three laws of motion are applied. First law of motion states that, a body remains in state of rest unless a force is applied on it. When we are at rest, inertia is at maximum. Body needs largest amount of force to get out of state of inertia, i.e when we start walking. When we talk first step the energy is transferred from foot to upper body parts and we start moving, during the process of walking inertia keeps on changing increases when we set foot on ground and decreases when we move the foot up. Second law of motion states that a=F/m i.e acceleration is directly proportional to the force we use or exert while walking, therefore, when we will apply more force, our acceleration will increase. Third law of motion is about action and reaction, when we set foot on ground we exert force on it and as a result to it ground exerts reactionary vertical force on body. (Patricia Ann Kramer, 2011) Cooking Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, temperature and work done due to it. Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one medium to another i.e heat transfer. For heat transfer, heat travels from hotter surface to cooler. When we put pan, with water or something else in it, on burning stove the energy in flame of stove touches cold pan, it starts transferring heat to the pan thus making it hooter. This phenomenon is called conduction. Convection is a process of movement of molecules in liquid and gases. When we heat the pan, the water molecules on the base of pan start heating up, a time comes when they get enough energy and become hotter than the molecules around them, then they start moving to the surface of water. The water molecules on the surface are cooler and heavier from hot water, due to less heat energy, thus start moving down, this process continues until all water comes at same temperature. (ouchmath, 2011) The cooking process is an open system, because in this both matter and energy is lost. According to zeroth law of thermodynamics energy should be conserved, in our case the energy lost by flame is used by pot to heat water and thus the total energy remains conserved. If we use pressure cooker it uses het energy to bring spontaneous changes into food by using kinetic energy of molecules to bring chemical changes in food; thus satisfying law of thermodynamics that spontaneous works are done due to work energy. (Lathbridge, 2013) Cutting fruits and vegetables When we cut fruit and vegetable, we never realize that physics could be involved in this simple task, but, surely it is. In order to cut anything, we have to exert pressure on knife. When we increase the pressure we can cut an object easily. Pressure is dependent on force and area i.e directly dependent on force and inversely dependent on area. In simple terms we can say that when we exert more force we can cut an object easily, but, if same force is applied with a knife with thicker edges, we cannot it. From experiences we learn that the knives which have edges with smaller surface area can help to cut an object easily. Similarly, we can cut easily with a sharper knife than blunt. The blunt knife offers more friction, due to its rough edges; thus making it difficult to cut an object. Seeing Our eyes are an incredible gift by God. We see wonders of the world, by this small organ. When we talk about parts of body and their function, it is the general concept that we are talking about biology. But, we neglect the fact that functions of our body parts are also working under the laws of physics and chemistry. If we talk about the sense of seeing, we come to know that our eyes work as a camera to see things around us. The lens in our eyes is convex i.e it converges or focuses light. When light enters our eye, cornea and lens focus the light. Iris controls the amount of light entering the eye and iris creates an image on retina, which is real and inverted i.e like in camera. The image of light is converted into electrical signal, by photoreceptors, and sent to vision centre of brain by optic nerve. The vision center analyses the electric signal and arranges it into its original form i.e to be seen by eye. The image we can see is due to the amount of light reflected from that o bject. This is the reason why we cannot see in dark. (Edmondson, 2005) Eye can perceive different shapes and colors of the objects. Light consists of seven colors, when it falls on an object say, book of color red, it absorbs all the colors and reflect red color. This helps us to interpret that the cover of this book is red. When light falls a white object then it reflects all the colors and that’s why it seems white (we also regard light as white light). Similarly, when light falls on black object it absorbs all the light and reflects nothing that’s why that object looks black. (Pappas, 2010) Opening and closing doors Physics is also involved in opening and closing of hinged doors. The phenomenon involved in opening and closing of door is torque. Torque is the force required to twirl an object about an axis or fulcrum. When we open a door by using the handle, at farthest place from hinge, we can easily open the door by producing torque, ÆÂ ®=F*l sin ÆÅ ¸, where l is the distance of hinge from door knob or handle. (Lesson 27a: Torque (AP Only) , 2013) If the knob is located near the hinge, we have to exert more torque, thus producing less angular acceleration. When we apply force perpendicular to the door, larger angular acceleration is produced. When we apply force on the door knob, compel the door to rotate on its axis thus acting on the principle of torque. Torque is positive when we open the door clockwise and negative if we open it anticlockwise. (Broholom, 1997) CONCLUSION Here, we have seen a limited example of physics, but over life is governed by this branch of science. Physics governs a lot of natural phenomenon and also define a number of man made things like cars, refrigerators, microwave and escalators. Hence, we can say that our world is ruled by physics. Works Cited Broholom, C. (1997, October 20). Opening a door. Retrieved from John Hopkins University: http://www.pha.jhu.edu/~broholm/l18/node3.html Edmondson, R. (2005, November 11). How are we able to see things? Retrieved from MyUniversalFacts: http://www.myuniversalfacts.com/2005/11/how-are-we-able-to-see-things.html Kunzig, R. (2001). The Physics of Walking. DISCOVER Vol. 22 No. 07. Lathbridge, A. (2013, June 06). Thermodynamics of Cooking. Retrieved from Science fare: http://sciencefare.org/2013/06/26/thermodynamics-of-cooking/ Lesson 27a: Torque (AP Only) . (2013, March 12). Retrieved from studyphysics.ca: http://www.studyphysics.ca/2007/20/ap_torque/27_ap_a_torque.pdf ouchmath. (2011, January 25). THE PHYSICS OF COOKING. Retrieved from OUCH MATH: http://ouchmath.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/the-physics-of-cooking/ Pappas, t. (2010, April 29). How Do We See in Color? Retrieved from Live Science: http://www.livescience.com/32559-why-do-we-see-in-color.html Patricia Ann Kramer, A. D. (2011). The Energetic Cost of Walking: A Comparison of Predictive Methods. PLoS ONE, 6(6), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021290.

The Theme of Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- GCSE Englis

The Theme of Death in William Shakespeare's Hamlet In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the protagonist, Hamlet is obsessed with the idea of death, and during the course of the play he contemplates death from numerous perspectives. He ponders the physical aspects of death, as seen with Yoricks's skull, his father's ghost, as well as the dead bodies in the cemetery. Hamlet also contemplates the spiritual aspects of the afterlife with his various soliloquies. Emotionally Hamlet is attached to death with the passing of his father and his lover Ophelia. Death surrounds Hamlet, and forces him to consider death from various points of view. In the first scene of Act 5, Hamlet discovers Yorick's skull in the graveyard. While Hamlet is speaking to Yorick, his father's jester's skull, as well as about him, Hamlet focuses in on the physical deterioration of the human body. He also touches on the inevitability of death as everyone's fate. He orders the skull to "get to my lady's chamber, and tell her, let her paint an inch thick, to this favor she must come"(5.1. 178-179), which means no one can avoid death. Hamlet also imagines the jester's features still existing on the skull, consequently showing his enthrallment with the physical outcome of death on the body. This concept is a very prominent motif throughout the play. Hamlet repeatedly makes observations alluding to every man's physical decomposition. "A man may fish with the worm that have eat of the king, and eat of the fish that hath fed of the worm," a symbol in which he states, " how a king may go a progress through the guts of a beggar" (4.3. 26-31). The ghost of the elder Hamlet is described as a very genuine looking ghost. The spectators ... ...s that he has slain Polonius the father of his "love" Ophelia. He comments, saying "I'll lug the guts into the neighbor room. / Mother, good night indeed. This counselor/ Is now most still, most secret, and most grave, / Who was in life a foolish prating knave. -/ Come, sir, to draw toward an end with you." (3.4. 235-9). Death is approached through many facets in the play Hamlet. Shakespeare has used a great deal of imagery and symbols in order to portray death as a major theme in this play. The play is seeped with literal death as well as figurative death. By Hamlet approaching death in physical, spiritual, and emotional terms forces death to become a major theme in the play. Sources Consulted Fagan, Garrett G. Death in Hamlet. 24 July 1998. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Four Great Tragedies. Sylvan Barnett, ed. New York: Signet 1998.

Formal statements that are prevalent Essay

Formal statements that are prevalent -? Suggest what about the organization? â€Å"Cisco Systems’ vision is to change the way we work, live, play and learn. Our mission is to shape the future of the Internet in ways that empower individuals to participate fully in our vision. This powerful shared vision and mission is what we all have in common at Cisco. Equally compelling is the broad spectrum of unique skills, perspectives, values and behaviors that influence how we each like to work, live, play and learn. This is what defines Cisco’s diversity† (Chambers, 2003). Cisco’s culture drives the company to set high standards for corporate integrity and to give back by using Cisco’s resources for a positive global impact. Strong, mutually beneficial relationships with partners, customers, shareholders, and the people who work for, with and near Cisco are essential to the business (Good opening statement) Workspace: The Organizational Culture Spare lines, bare walls, and sweeping curves are the non-ornaments of the CISCO workplace; these are cultural clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s for futurism and modern thinking that have been used since the 1920’s. Flat screen monitors are hung like paintings on the wall. More modern than the design proper is the CISCO Vice President Dave Rossetti’s concept of the ideal office. Brad Stone of Newsweek writes, â€Å"CISCO VP Dave Rossetti heads a research group of 100 colleagues working on the office of the future. Rossetti talks about a workspace comprising free-floating employees who walk into a building and find an empty â€Å"generic office† nearest to their current team of collaborators. The office features boringly blank walls and surfaces when unoccupied, but senses when an employee wants to sit there, perhaps by reading his ID badge. Then it automatically customizes itself. Suddenly, the proper e-mail account appears on the PC, and the Internet telephone adopts that employee’s extension. Even the digital picture frames render photos of the employee’s family, or a favorite Ansel Adams vista.† Clearly, the message is that the workers make the workplace come alive. Customization for the individual indicates the company’s desire to make sure the worker is comfortable. The fact that each office would be identical illustrates that all workers would have equal resources. Corporate colors in the Executive Briefing Center are a sea like green/blue and a tan as shown in the promotional brochure. Warm yellow light flows from recessed fixtures in a design of radiating hoops. Clearly the message is â€Å"we are a global company†. The color scheme replicates that of the globe. To be seen as an agile competitor in the marketplace, a competitive company will ensure that its workers have the necessary tools they need to do the job well. Slogans -? Inform people in the culture The article The Best Team in the Business, (Doyle, 2004) describes a CISCO conference that was held in Honolulu. During the conference CISCO used an IP-based interactive polling system to pound Hawaiian drums and scroll the words â€Å"Incredible things happen† across a screen. The CEO enters the stage to an AC/DC song blasting over the large sound system. This type of slogan and saying provides the public with the impression that CISCO is up to date on technology, innovative, and motivates the crowd on the company. With the loud beat and demonstrations, the public immediately receives the impression that CISCO works towards making sure the incredible things happen statement becomes a reality. Deliberate role modeling, training and teaching is emphasized. CISCO produces many different unique ways to provide employees with empowerment and therefore has developed teams to handle any type of situation CISCO refers to these teams as their channel teams (Doyle, 2004). Channel teams provide business experiences that actually allow an organization to quickly resolve a situation. Having this type of team allows the organization to pull resources together to brain storm, work towards resolving conflict, come up with project plans, and work towards future enhancements. Channel teams provide role modeling, training and teaching allowing an organization to depend on all resources and have them organized to handle the task at hand. Rewards -? Used to motivate employees There are a few rewards and status symbols that motivate the employees at CISCO. CISCO offers employees a comprehensive and flexible benefits package. Depending on the work site, employees may have access to additional services to help them balance the competing demands of work and home. In addition, CISCO leaders support ongoing training and continual career growth. Regardless of location, all employees have access to e-learning activities. Traditional instructor-led sessions are also available in most locations. Managers also have discretion to identify other creative ways their employees can develop new skills. One benefit most focused upon was telecommuting. The benefits most cited by telecommuters are qualitative–reclaimed commute time, flexible working hours, fewer interruptions, as well as more family time. The average telecommuters savings (not including tolls and parking) resulting from a reduced IRS-established mileage rate). Their wardrobe and dry-cleaning costs were reduced by 40%, and lunch and snack expenses were reduced by a factor of five. Employees are able to work in an environment that is designed to meet their individual needs and style. Better relationships with spouses and children, improved personal morale and fewer sick days are cited by more than 80% of individuals who work some of their time at home. Stories, legends and myths The history of a company often tells a story that epitomizes the very nature of the company. CISCO Systems Inc. has such a story that shows the CEO’s concern for his employees. During 2002, John Chambers was CEO of CISCO SYSTEMS INC. When he learned that a CISCO employee needed a surgical procedure that only three doctors in the country could perform, he called and made the arrangements himself. (Hooper, 2002) This shows how culturally this company is like one big family. Organizational activities ?- Organizational Reactions to Critical Incidents CISCO’s leaders measure and control many organizational activities, processes, and outcomes. An important facet of CISCO’s business is the intertwined relationships between quality control, inventory, planning, and ordering. To assist with this process CISCO partners with dozens of companies. In particular, Flextronics, one of the largest electronics contract manufacturers, has partnered to create a secure and seamless integration between the two giants. (Roberts, 2000). CISCO has also controlled a past internal downsizing event. After jobs were cut, CISCO gave employees an option to stay with the company and work, at a reduced salary, for a nonprofit organization. Approximately 80 employees opted for the chance to continue to work (Murray, 2001). This program allows CISCO to reduce its workforce temporarily, while giving themselves the future option and control to bring trained and qualified employees into the workforce again. CISCO’s organizational leaders are quick to react to incidents and crises. Recently, an approximated 800 megabytes of software code, used to direct Internet traffic, was reportedly stolen by criminal hackers. CISCO spokesman, Robert Barlow, responded to the attack by stating, â€Å"CISCO is fully investigating what happened. As a matter of policy, we take security very seriously and we continue to take every measure to protect our intellectual property, employee, and customer information† (Musich, 2004). This attack is not just a security threat for CISCO, but the entire Internet. CISCO is maintaining a strong stance and will â€Å"continue to actively monitor the situation and will respond according to established processes and procedures, should the need arise† (Musich, 2004). Describe the workflow and organizational structure. In 2001 Cisco started to arrange its business structure from line of business to 11 technology groups, centralizing its engineering and marketing organizations to support this structure. (Pallatto, 2001) Details of this structure can be found at Cisco’s Website (http://newsroom.cisco.com). (This is a good way to direct the reader to an area, without including it in the paper). In the future it may be hepful to say ie search â€Å"corporate structure† on left side of website. The eleven areas that Cisco decided to focus on are Access, Aggregation, Core Routing, Ethernet Access, Internet Switching and Services, Cisco IOS Technologies Division, Network Management Services, Optical, Storage, Voice, and Wireless. This new organizational structure was developed to better enable Cisco to integrate solutions through out a company seamlessly across extranets, intranets, and the Internet. Organizational systems and procedures Organizational structure impacts the performance of the firm. Alfred Chandler suggested in his classic research that structure follows strategy. Through the years, organizations have altered their structures to better meet the demands of the competitive marketplace. CISCO Systems announced a number of changes in their organizational structure during the summer of 2001. Changing customer requirements and the inherent market opportunity were at the heart of the change. When CISCO created its line of business structure in April 1997, our enterprise, commercial, and service provider customers were building separate networks with predominantly unique product requirements. â€Å"Today, our customers want our products to move across all of these customer segments. They want a network of networks that are seamless and have transparent integration across extranets, intranets, and the Internet. As our customers and the industry evolve, CISCO continues to evolve its organization† (Chamber, 2001). The new centralized technology groups and marketing organization are a logical extension of CISCO’s Six-Point Plan. They began organizing the company around profit contribution, aligning resources to create efficiencies, and focusing on markets with growth opportunities. Centralized technology is also consistent with the breakaway strategy to take advantage of inflection points in the market. â€Å"We believe our changing customer requirements signal an important market transition point. Our new organizational structure will accelerate innovation and aggressively expand CISCO’s product leadership capabilities consistent with customer expectations for a single product architecture and strategy with clear product roadmaps† (Chambers, 2001). However, this new structure will allow CISCO’s technology differentiation to be at the forefront of messaging and competitive positioning. This change will lead to more efficiency in CISCO’s time-to-market with pro ducts, better use of engineering resources, and deliver a stronger competitive position overall. Organizational goals and associated criteria CISCO Systems is one of the most innovative companies in the high-technology industry.(Doyle, 2004) They hire talented people who can continue CISCO’s global leadership, delivering networking products and solutions that help customers achieve their business goals. Employers who invest in certifications experience a quick return on their training and certification investment. Investing in their skills brings improved employee morale, confidence, and productivity, while increasing the CISCO bottom line. To be part of the team an individual must be willing to accept a lot and part with nearly as much. Travel, for example, is intense. Team members say they rarely get by on anything less than 60-hour work weeks, and that doesn’t include time in the air, which is significant when considering they frequently huddle together all over the world for team meetings. Often, there are requisite get-togethers that are not considered part of the job, but merely adjuncts to it. That would include the weekend that members of Mounford’s team spent skiing in Chamonix, France, where he maintains a ski chalet. Then there are the rigors of the job, which can be intense. They’re compounded by the competitiveness of the individual team members. References Doyle, T. C. (2004, May). The Best Team in the Business, Cover Story. VARBusiness. Hooper, L. (2002). No. 7 John Chambers. Computer Reseller News 74. Retrieved May 24, 2004, from the RDS Business and Management database at the UPO Library London, Simon. (2004, May). CISCO shares fall on investor fears. The Financial Times, 17. Retrieved May 22, 2004, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Murray, Sarah. (2001, October). Human resources: Jobless staff gain community spirit: CISCO employees have the option of being seconded to non-profit organizations. The Financial Times, 2. Retrieved May 22, 2004. Musich, Paula. (2004, May). CISCO source code reportedly stolen. eWeek. Retrieved May 22, 2004, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Pallatto, J. (2001, October). Cisco searches for a market recovery. Internet World, 7 (18): 22, October 2001. Retrieved May 25, 2004, from the RDS Business and Management database at the UPO Library Roberts, Bill. (2000, July). Ready, fire, aim. Electronic Business, v26(7) 80. Retrieved May 22, 2004, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Stone, Brad. (2003, April) Newsweek, Vol. 141 Issue 17, p46, 2p, 1c. Retrieved May 23, 2004, from EBSCOHost Research Database. Unknown. (2001, August). Q&A: John Chambers Discusses. NEWS @ CISCO. Retrieved May 24, 2004 from http://newsroom.CISCO.com/dlls/hd_082301.html

Technical Report Writing

Technical Report Writing Researchers spend much of their time investigating and determining why or how things happen. Once they do this, they need to compose their findings in such a manner that it can be presented clearly and precisely to others. This is called technical report writing. It’s only by doing this that the researcher can convey his findings to others. Technical report writing is an incredibly important ability for anyone in the research or technical field. Using a technical report to explain your findings and how you arrived at that conclusion is vital to every researcher. Technical reports communicate to readers in such a way that everyone can learn from your research. It makes your hard work more accessible. Coming up with a thesis is important in technical report writing. By doing so one can maintain a tightly controlled report that addresses the main components. In technical report writing make sure that these following items are clearly stated. The report should be dated with your name and affiliation. This is so everyone will have no question about who performed the research and findings. Good technical report writing will contain a short paragraph that summarizes what your paper is about. A reader should be able to scan this paragraph in technical report writing and get a very good idea of what the whole paper is about. Choose appropriate keywords such as to assist others in locating your paper for their own research purposes. Write clearly and concisely so that others may read and understand what you are trying to explain. Technical report writing will often include graphs and diagrams to illustrate the data from the research. Keep your focus on the content of your paper, include the details of your work, the problems encountered, questions that arose and the consequences or your actions towards the research. Make sure that the beginning and last sentence of every paragraph clearly states the body of the paragraph and summarizes appropriately. Technical report writing involves precision in writing. Always explain the points clearly for the readers, even when it might be overkill. Since research often includes more than one individual’s participation, always give credit to them by acknowledging them in your technical report writing. When writing your report, cite references used in the research so that the reader can identify other related works. Always explain how those references affected your research. Technical report writing should be neat and organized. Don’t skip around all over the paper with any one specific action in regards to the research. For example, if you were to explain your methods in conducting the research, explain the methods completely in one section of your technical report writing. Don’t explain parts of the method in several different paragraphs scattered throughout the report. Decide before you do your technical report writing how you want to organize and in what order. Then write according to the organization that you’ve established. In technical report writing it’s important to make references back to the methods if necessary throughout the report but your main explanation of the methods should be contained within that one section. Simply reporting data and findings is not what technical report writing is about. The writer needs to spend time analyzing the data and show what your interpretation of the information is. Thoroughly discuss all the different aspects that have arisen due to your research, whether it’s negative or on the positive side. Technical report writing is expanding on facts with good writing that hooks the reader’s attention.

The Effect And Influence And Prestige Of Augustine Religion Essay Essays

The Effect And Influence And Prestige Of Augustine Religion Essay Essays The Effect And Influence And Prestige Of Augustine Religion Essay Essay The Effect And Influence And Prestige Of Augustine Religion Essay Essay Introduction Augustine of Hippo or St. Augustine ( a.d. 354-430 ) was said to be the last and greatest of the Church Fathers. He is recognized by Christian authors and historiographers as the most influential mind, as an vindicator and theologian that Christianity has produced during the past two millenary. Even Jerome and Ambrose, work forces honoured with the rubric of physician by the medieval could nt mach with Augustine s celebrity and prestigiousness.[ 1 ]Although the eastern Orthodoxy had treated his plants skeptically, his parts to the cause of Christianity are good recognized by both the Catholic and Protestants. Even the well known reformists of the 16th Century claimed to be Augustine s followings and translators. [ 2 ]His profound work as a theologian, philosopher, vindicator, and church bishop had majorly influenced, particularly the Western Christianity. Among his elaborate plants were His volumes of City of God. Augustine s City of God became five volumes which dealt with those who worshiped God for felicity on Earth, another five volumes that dealt with those who worshiped God for ageless felicity, and twelve volumes refering the beginning and ultimate fates of the symbolic metropoliss of Babylon and Jerusalem. In his life clip he d contributed over one hundred books, five hundred discourses and two hundred letters.[ 3 ] Augustine s position on History Augustine is majorly known in his plant of the Confession and the City of God [ 4 ]In the Confession, he wrote about his religious formation , and Man s iniquitous behavior including his ain and the nature of adult male. The City of God was written in connexion to the devastation of Rome by Alaric in the twelvemonth 410. Harmonizing to the heathen societies the autumn of Rome was a effect of the choler of their Gods on the Christianization of Rome [ 5 ]In his excusatory attack against such position, Augustine offered his ain account on the footing of both classical doctrine and Christianity. The land for the job of history, harmonizing him were:[ 6 ]the nature and fate of world, the character and intent of God, the redemptional work of Christ and the map of church and province. For him Rome was destroyed because of its wickednesss and corruptnesss non because of its Christianization. Augustine proposed the impression of two metropoliss, viz. the metropolis of God, which is based o n the love of God and the Earthly metropolis, which is based on love of ego. Harmonizing to him merely the metropolis of God will stay ; the earthly metropoliss like Rome will finally fall because of their evil. Augustine besides, in his effort to cover with the issue of whether Christians can affect in war against the savages, he came up with the impression of merely war. On the top of the classical codification of war, that formulated that war is legitimate merely if it is carried by a province for the intent of justifying justness and reconstructing peace, Augustine added that the motivation for war must be love and the other party must be unfair. This made him to be known as the male parent of the war-guilt theory. [ 7 ]Many Historians agree that Augustine s work of the City of God was non merely Theology but besides political theory, history and doctrine that proved that both the heathen universe position and the Romans were basically flawed. [ 8 ] Augustine s View on the nature of world and redemption In his resistance to Pelagius, who taught that moral flawlessness could be achieved without the aid of God s grace through human free will[ 9 ], Augustine came up with his position of original wickedness and redemption through God s grace. For Pelagius, wickedness was the consequence of wont non nature, but Augustine held that wickedness was a direct consequence of Adam s noncompliance to God and all people have sinned through Adam[ 10 ]. Harmonizing to him, the human race, because of original wickedness, is so hopelessly corrupted that we are perfectly incapable of making any good by our forces. Augustine believed that human ability to take between good and immorality has been perfectly corrupted by wickedness. Any individual harmonizing to him, adult male must have the grace of God to be saved and such grace can merely be given by God randomly and as a consequence of God s Godhead clemency. The deeply rooted human corruptness for Augustine can merely be cured by the operation of salvaging grace that was granted by God through the decease and Resurrection of Christ.[ 11 ]His strong position on the necessity of the grace of God has made him known by the Protestants as the precursor of the Reformation [ 12 ] Augustine stretched his position on the consequence of the autumn to the proposition that homo will is wholly disadvantaged and perfectly unable to take good from immorality. He so said, God s grace is resistless and is directed to those predestined for redemption.[ 13 ]Augustine believed that people are predestined in their lives to come either to redemption or to punishment on the virtue of their wickednesss. The Calvinists nevertheless stretched that to even keep the predestination of the damned. His position on Church credos and sacraments St. Augustine was besides extremely regarded by the Roman Catholics because of his accent on direct function of the Church in go throughing the salvaging grace through sacraments including infant baptism and Eucharist. For him a sacrament is an outward and seeable mark of an inward and unseeable grace, a phrase that reappears in Catholic Sunday Schools today. However, Augustine had something wholly different in head than the seven-sacrament system of the modern Roman Catholic Church, because he considered the Nicene Creed and the Lord s Prayer to be sacraments[ 14 ] His Position on Eschatology Augustine, who is frequently referred to as the male parent of amillennialism had seemingly, popularized the positions of Tyconius, an African Donatist of the 4th century. Tyconius was one of the earliest theologists to dispute premillennialism who rejected the eschatological and futuristic position of Revelation 20. Alternatively, he said that the millenary was being fulfilled in the present age and that the thousand old ages mentioned was non a actual thousand old ages. Augustine abandoned premillennialism because of what he considered to be the surpluss and pruriences of this position. He besides interpreted Mark 3:27 to be a present binding of Satan. His ecclesiology was more to the full developed in City of God. There he conceives of the church as a celestial metropolis or land, ruled by love, which will finally prevail over all earthly imperiums which are self-indulgent and ruled by pride. For Augustine, the bishops of the Church are the replacements of the apostles and he bes ides believed in apostolic domination.[ 15 ]Augustine was the first to place the Catholic Church in its seeable, empirical signifier with the land of God. For him, the millennian regulation of Christ was taking topographic point in and through the church, including its sacraments and offices. Augustine s amillennialism rapidly became the recognized position of the church. Amillennialism became so recognized that the Council of Ephesus ( 431 ) condemned the premillennial position as superstitious. His position on the gifts of the Holy Spirit Although in his early old ages Augustine believed that all miracles had ceased by the terminal of the lives of the apostles, his position was transformed by the compelling grounds of many well-attested miracles that occurred during a powerful resurgence that occurred throughout the churches of North Africa that were under his supervising. In the last subdivision of his heroic poem work The City of God, Augustine wrote about legion miracles that he had personally witnessed and investigated, including singular marvelous healings affecting chest malignant neoplastic disease, palsy, sightlessness, and even people who were resurrected from the dead. He Believed miracles in the name of Christ can go on merely by few holy people. Decision Augustine was the first of all to synthesise the great theories of the autumn, grace, and free will ; and moreover it is he who had done his best to accommodate them all. Protestant reformists such as Martin Luther and John Calvin have accepted his philosophies on effects of the original wickedness on adult male s autonomy and the demand of Gods grace for redemption. He is besides good known by the Catholics for his instructions on the Church s credos and sacraments. However, he was besides responsible for some of the unbiblical retentions of the Catholics such as: the cryptic efficaciousness of the sacraments, Mary s virginity even in childbearing, the tenet of the speckless construct of the Virgin Mary, the apostolic domination and infallibility. Furthermore his retentions that the gift of the Spirit was given merely to establish the Church and can merely bee vested upon few holy people and his confusion between sanctification and justification are some of the issues that weakene d his bequest.

Mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mangement - Essay Example He maintains that it is more important for a leader to be competent than intelligent. Due to the popularity of his competency movement, multinational companies started formulating complex competency models which laid down the framework regarding desirable behaviour and skills in the organization. People who adhered to these competency models would be rewarded and vice – versa. However, this model left very little room for the development of the leader. A leader was unable to show his motivational skills, leadership styles and even prove his point of view. Traditional competency models focussed on developing individual behaviour and skills and in overcoming individual weaknesses. They believed that this will lead to overall team development. However, they failed to understand that in a team environment individuals benefit from each other’s strengths and it is very important for overall team development and not to focus on individual development. The third and final assum ption of competency model is that jobs are static and individuals benefit by following a set of competency rules laid down by the organization. This thought in itself is flawed. People are hungry for recognition and they are happy to display their skills and qualities. In the modern world, leaders must have the below mentioned competency skills in order to be efficient and successful. 1. Visionary and strategic thinking – Leaders must be able to set long term goals and act as a guide and mentor to the followers by leading and directing them to achieve these goals. he must be able to understand the environmental changes both nationally and globally and guide his followers accordingly. 2. Adaptability and change movement – Leaders must be able to adapt to changes in the organization. An effective leader easily adapts to changes required to attain the goal.He also must be able to blend different leadership styles depending on the situation in order to guide his followers through the change process. 3. Drive for results – Leaders must take the ownership and be personally responsible for success and failures. He must be passionate to achieve goals and must encourage his followers to do the same. 4. Team leadership competency – An efficient leader should act as a guide and mentor and direct the team in order to attain desired objectives. He should be keen to take responsibilities to meet targets and also take active part in the organization’s success. 5. People development – Efficient leaders must promote follower’s growth and provide a platform for them to succeed. This will help to develop future leaders and will eventually lead to the success of the organization as a whole. 6. Risk management – Competent leaders must be innovative and be prepared to take risks and experiment with new methods in order to foster development. They must use new and innovative techniques to solve problems and also adapt to change s. 7. Values and ethics – Good leaders must follow social norms and ethics and set examples for the followers. They must not resort to dishonest means or engage themselves in illegal or unlawful activities. Nowadays, most organizations are giving a lot of importance to ethical behaviours of leaders as recently there has an increase in scams and scandals which translates to the fact that there has been a lot of ethically failed leaders. 8. Service orientation – An effective and competent leader understand the needs of his clients and tries to meet client expectations. He

Moral distress Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Moral distress - Coursework Example Solving the morally distressing situation would demand asking about it to the relevant people such as the close family members and the hospital administration. After asking, affirm about the method and what it would entail in detail which would lead to the third model of assessing the situation by the hospital administration and the family members as well. Assessment would also be carried out by the patient herself. If all the parties come up with a unanimous positive response, I would move to the last stage of acting where the action to end her suffering would commence (The Ethics Work Group, 2004). The 4A’s model enables assessment of the risks and benefits involved in a morally distressing situation as well as enabling assessment of the situation by the external barriers causing the distress. This leads to taking the appropriate and though about action that would end the moral distress. The Ethics Work Group. (2004).The 4A’s to Rise above Moral Distress. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Retrieved from

Hands-on Learning Motivates Students in the Science Classroom Thesis

Hands-on Learning Motivates Students in the Science Classroom - Thesis Example References 27 6.0. Appendices 28 6.1. Appendix 1: Student Survey Questionnaire 28 6.2. Appendix 2: Teacher-To-Be Survey Questionnaire 29 6.3. Appendix 3: Results of Test-Retest Reliability Analysis 30 List of Tables Table 1. Gender and Age Profile of Grade 10 Student Respondents 7 Table 2. Gender and Age Profile of Teacher and Student-Teacher Respondents 8 Table 3. Detailed Data Analysis Plan 12 Table 4. Student Level of Interest on Lecture 19 Table 5. Level of Student Interest on Hands-On Activities 20 Table 6. Students’ Preferred Method in Science Teaching 21 List of Figures Figure 1: Why Students Take the Science Course 13 Figure 2: What the Students Like to Do in the Science Classroom 14 Figure 3: Frequency of Conducting Group Activities 16 Figure 4: Perceived Usefulness of Labs or Hands-On Activities 16 Figure 5: Student Understanding of Concepts through Hands-On Activities 17 Figure 6: Teaching Method That Helped Students Better 18 1.0 Introduction The term hands-on lear ning means â€Å"learning through doing† (Gardiner, 2005, para.2). Hands-on learning is used commonly in the science classroom to describe a form of learning where students investigate and develop understanding of a scientific concept by active involvement in an activity or an experiment (Gardiner, 2005). Askell-Williams and Lawson (as cited in Brophy, 2010) reported that middle school students frequently mention hands-on activities when asked about interesting elements of lessons, together with features which satisfy their need to for independence, competence and relatedness, experiments, outdoor learning, design projects, and innovative and creative assignments. Meanwhile, high school students enjoy classes for different reasons, and tend to rate highly those related to learning, creation,... Grounded on the findings of the study, all groups of respondents demonstrated their concurrence with the thesis statement that â€Å"hands-on learning motivates students in the science classroom†. The following conclusions were drawn for the specific objectives of the study. This report makes a conclusion that the uniqueness of each individual is one of the perplexities of humankind. Even twins have different set of fingerprints and different ways of learning styles and preferred teaching method. Even student teachers who are well-versed on the efficacy of various teaching methods prefer different teaching styles. The experienced science teachers recognized such individual differences and attributed different favorite teaching styles to such differences. The teachers declared that there is no one single style which can help develop the cognitive competence of students in science. In some concepts, however, one or a combination of two methods have proven to be more efficient that other styles. Teachers have to be aware of student preference and needs to adapt lessons and activities to these varying needs. The Science teachers enumerated several advantages and disadvantages of hands-on activities. Among the advantages identified were: hands-on activities e nable students to experience scientific phenomena through experiments with physical materials; these activities teach a student in planning investigations, utilization of scientific instruments, and in the collection, recording, and analysis of data.

Online Exam Essay Example for Free

Online Exam Essay Answers processed and marks awarded Instantly. * View Results immediately upon Submission. * Generation of General Mark Lists Summary (Total marks Obtained) as well as Detailed (Topic Wise marks Obtained) * Individual Answer Sheets Generation. * The computerized examination system has a facility to Add students details, View Student List as well as Edit student details. Password based access (Authentication Via Sessions, password is stored as a MD5 hash in the database) for Individual Answer Sheet, General Mark Lists and Trends Graphs. * Trends Graph showing the number of students which have passed individual subjects . Trends Graph showing the number of students which have passed topic wise of each subject. * Trends Graph showing the number of students which have passed topic wise in each subject at the midterm as well as final exams. * The Exam Software is well suited to conduct competitive exams like recruitment exams and Common Extrance Tests (CET). Can Be Customised for any Educational Institution or Training Academy depending on your requirement The above details are of an Online Examination System developed for a leading Maritime Academy located in Goa, India. What Features Should be Included in Online Examination System With the development of the Internet technology, online examination has become more and more poular since it helps people save much energy and time. As an efficient and effective way of teaching and learning, online examination can prevent from cheating and ensure the fairness of the examination results. A good examination system should be developed based on the needs of a real examination. Here are some features an examination system should provide: Examination Instructions The examination instructions will show the basis contents of the examination and something that should be paid attention to. Usually the following elements such as total questions, full score, passing rate, passing score, time limit, etc. are included in the instructions page. Accessibility of Examination Content Preset accounts and passwords can be set to protect the contents. And participants can register themselves online. Only authorized users can take the assessment contents. What’s more, domain hosting limitations can be set. Even if the participants have downloaded the flash assessment, it can not be played. Valid Time of Examination Content The participants can log in the examination system with their accounts and passwords to access the relevant page to complete the testing in the valid time. The examination will be unavailable when the valid time expires. Time Limit of the Examination Participants may log in the system to take the examination after the start time. When the testing time is used up, the examination results will be submitted by participants. Even if the examination is not completely finished at that moment, it will be submitted to the reporting system too. The start time and end time will be recorded precisely in seconds. Time Reminder for the Examination The time reminder will tell the participants how much time left during their examination. When it comes to the end of the testing, some alter audio will remind you of submiting your examination paper. Submission Ways Two ways to submit your answers to the reporting system: 1. Submit one question at a time. 2. Submit all at once. The former one means the participants can not review and modify their answers to their submitted questions. However, with the latter way of submiting, the participants can review and modify their answered questions before they submit the final answers. Result Release Immediate release or timed release can be set to the examination. For some examinations consisting of objective questions, the scores can be calculated automatically when the testing is over. The participants can view the results instantly. If you don’t want the results to be viewed so early or there are some subjective questions needs manual grading, you can finish the grading job first and then the participants can visit the system website to check their testing results. Chapter 1: Preliminary Investigation about Existing System 1. 1 INTRODUCTION Modern technology has added a new ingredient to this mix the Internet. The Internet can be regarded as a cheaper and improved version of the self-education resources. Some people like to take exam in a classroom is traditional manual examination because they are happy to sit there and have the teacher tell them what to learn, and when they get stuck, they are happy that there is someone there to help them, and they enjoy the social environment while taking exam. The traditional approach to measuring a persons level of knowledge in a topic has been the examination. These days there is often more emphasis on internal assessments, which may consist of assignments and projects given out and then marked or assessed. However examinations remain a popular component of many assessments. Source: Phillip Dorrell (2006) The author have noticed that most students wanting to acquire an admission into higher problems usually find it hard to achieve because those institutions make it a requirement to for the students to attain English certification which would verify that the students do speak and understand English. In order to help students acquire these scores, the author took it as a challenge to develop a test engine which would allow students to get the scores with ease. Examinations have the advantages of confidence that a large number of students are all being assessed equally and reduced opportunity for cheating. Users can use the system for writing the test and know about the system functionality. An individual can make use of the system by login in and taking a test. The main aim of carrying out a preliminary investigation is to attain much knowledge about understanding of problem, defining the project scope and constraints, identifying the benefits, estimating the time. Manual Exam Manual Exam is sort of an assessment that is intended to measure an individuals knowledge, skill and aptitude of a certain student or individual. This is also commonly known to test takers as â€Å"Written Tests† and is a manual exam developer’s choice of which style or format to use in creating and developing a written administered on a sheet of paper. A test taker who takes a written test could respond to such specific test items by writing it down manually within a given space of an examination paper or any separate sheet of documenttest is usually given that there is no such standard of testing. Be that as it may, certain exam style format have become widely used than others. Online Exam Online examination is an assesment that use network connection or internet in its process. Individuals and students must sign in on an assessment program or web link by entering their username and password. Then they choose the course that will be tested and the student start answering the questions that is shown on the screen. After they have finished the examination, the student taking the exam must click on a certain button that would require finishing the examination process. Even though this seems easy, online examination has its advantages and disadvantages as well. The students who agree that online examination is good has many advantages. Online examination can make the student’s life easier because they don’t need any paper and pen to do the examination. Furthermore, online examination can be effective and efficient. The students don’t waste much time to answer the questions because they only click on the best answer that is provided. One other advantage of online examination is that we can know our scores just after the exam. Sometimes, instructors can be very busy on a given day and do not have any time to check the exams. Online examination can solve this problem. The instructor does not need to check all of the exams. Online examination can do